Shoulder Skeletal Structure & Joints
(See enhanced shoulder x-ray at left)
Commonly called the shoulder joint complex or shoulder girdle, the shoulder is really four joints in one (though some anatomists do not consider #4 a joint):
1 Glenohumeral joint: 'ball-and-socket' joint between the upper arm and the shoulder blade;
2 Acromio-clavicular joint: joint between the outer end of the collarbone and the shoulder blade;
3 Sterno-clavicular joint: joint between the inner end of the collarbone and the sternum/breastbone, and;
4 Scapulo-thoracic joint: conceptual joint formed by the shoulder blade's undersurface and the chest wall (not shown in the illustration).
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